Ultrasonic transducer system for degassing of hydrocarbon production fluid

ABSTRACT

Provided are embodiments that include an ultrasonic transducer system including an ultrasonic transducer assembly adapted to be disposed in an interior region of an ultrasonic transducer housing, and including a first ultrasonic transducer head adapted to transmit a first set of ultrasonic signals (including a first transmission surface adapted to direct the first set of ultrasonic signals through the first transmission surface), a second ultrasonic transducer head adapted to transmit a second set of ultrasonic signals (including a second transmission surface adapted to direct the second set of ultrasonic signals through the second transmission surface), and a transducer biasing member disposed between the first ultrasonic transducer head and the second ultrasonic transducer head and adapted to bias the first and second ultrasonic transducers in opposite directions to bias the first and second transmission surfaces against opposite portions of an interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing.

FIELD

Embodiments relate generally to processing hydrocarbon production fluid,and more particularly to ultrasonic degassing of hydrocarbon productionfluid.

BACKGROUND

Production of hydrocarbons, such as oil and natural gas, typicallyinvolves extracting the hydrocarbons trapped in a hydrocarbon reservoirof a subsurface formation. During production operations, productionfluid containing hydrocarbons is extracted from the reservoir anddirected to the surface by way of a well, often referred to as a“hydrocarbon well” or an “oil well”. The production fluid is normallytransported to downstream facilities, such as refineries and exportterminals, by way of a distribution network of midstream facilities,such as pipelines, tanks and transport vehicles.

In many instances, the production fluid is subjected to various forms ofprocessing to, for example, clean the production fluid of unwantedsubstances, or otherwise prepare the production fluid for storage,transport and use. For example, raw production fluid flowing from a wellmay contain a mixture of substances, such as crude oil, natural gas andwater, and the raw production fluid may be processed to separate thevarious substances. This can include separating the water and gas fromthe production fluid in an effort to obtain production fluid that ispredominately oil. The processing is sometimes conducted at thewell-site shortly after the production fluid exits the well. Forexample, the production fluid may be processed at a surface unit locatedat the well-site to remove water or gas, before the production fluid isintroduced into a pipeline, a tank or a transport vehicle of adistribution network.

A point in the distribution where the production fluids move from oneentity's ownership or control to another entities ownership or control,is sometimes referred to as a “point of sale” (“POS”). For example, aPOS may refer to a point at an outlet valve of a surface unit located ata well-site, where production fluid exits the well-site facilities, andenters a purchaser's pipeline or is loaded into a purchaser's transportvehicle. Often times, production fluids are processed to meetrequirements at a POS, or at other points along the distributionnetwork.

SUMMARY

Applicants have recognized that processing hydrocarbon production fluid(referred to here as “production fluid”) is an important aspect ofhydrocarbon production, distribution and refining, especially in view ofthe importance that production fluid have a suitable composition, suchas a minimal amount of water or entrained gases, to meet requirementsfor production fluid distribution and use. The importance is everincreasing as requirements for production fluid composition are becomingmore stringent. Applicants have recognized that lowering the gas contentof production fluids can reduce the vapor pressure of the productionfluid, and that it can be advantageous to significantly reduce the gascontent of production fluids given that many purchasers now requiringproduction fluid to have a relatively low vapor pressure, such as a ReidVapor Pressure (RVP) below 9. Unfortunately, if production fluid doesnot meet requirements, the production fluid may be rejected. This canresult in direct financial losses due to lost sales of the productionfluid, and indirect financial losses associated with further processingof the production fluid to meet requirements, or shut-in of the wellfrom which the production fluid was produced. This can amount totens-of-thousands of dollars of losses per well, per day.

Applicants have recognized that although some existing production fluidprocessing techniques are suitable for certain conditions and forcertain requirements, existing production fluid processing techniquesmay not be capable of meeting requirements under certain conditions,especially in the case of heightened requirements. For example, existingtechniques for removing entrained gas from production fluid (referred toas “degassing” of the production fluid) involve heating the productionfluid to increase the temperature of the production fluid, and rapidlyreducing the pressure of the production fluid to cause gas entrained inthe production fluid (referred to as “entrained gas”) to separate fromthe production fluid. Although such heating and pressure basedtechniques can be suitable for certain conditions, they may not besuitable for other conditions. For example, although these techniquescan be suitable for use in warm climates, where the required heating isminimal, in cold climates or during relatively cold periods in warmclimates, it may not be possible to heat a production fluid to a highenough temperature to facilitate the separation of the entrained gasfrom the production fluid. This scenario has been observed in coldclimates and during relatively cold winters, where significantlyincreasing the heating of the production fluid is ineffective at causingthe entrained gas to separate from the production fluid. As a result,the RVP of the production fluid may not be reduced to an acceptablelevel to meet purchaser requirements, and the production fluid may berejected by purchasers. Moreover, even in instances in which it ispossible to heat production fluid to a high enough temperature tofacilitate the separation of gas from the production fluid, the cost toheat the production fluid can be excessive, and the time required toheat the production fluid can create delays that further increase thecosts and complexity of processing the production fluid.

Recognizing these and other shortcomings of existing techniques fordegassing production fluid, Applicants have developed novel systems andmethods for degassing hydrocarbon production fluid using ultrasonicsignals. In some embodiments, an ultrasonic signal is introduced intoproduction fluid including a hydrocarbon fluid mixture of a hydrocarbonliquid and gas entrained in the hydrocarbon liquid (or “entrained gas”),to facilitate the separation and removal of the entrained gas from thehydrocarbon liquid. In some embodiments, an ultrasonic hydrocarbonproduction fluid degassing system includes a hydrocarbon degassing unit,including a vessel (e.g., a vapor recovery vessel) that directsproduction fluid along a flowpath, and an ultrasonic transducer systemthat transmits ultrasonic signals into the production fluid as ittravels along the flowpath. The ultrasonic signals cause the entrainedgas to separate from the hydrocarbon liquid, and the gas is removed, forexample, by way of a vapor recovery system (VRS).

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic signals have a frequency that iseffective to cause the entrained gas to separate from the hydrocarbonliquid. For example, the ultrasonic signals may have a frequency in therange of about 20 kilohertz (kHz) to about 40 kHz, such as about 25 kHz.In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer system includes one ormore ultrasonic transducer heads. For example, the ultrasonic transducersystem may include multiple ultrasonic transducer heads that transmitrespective subsets of the ultrasonic signals into the production fluid.Such a configuration can increase the exposure of the production fluidto ultrasonic signals, promoting the separation of the entrained gasfrom the production fluid.

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer system includes one ormore ultrasonic transducer units including ultrasonic transducer headsused to generate the ultrasonic signals. For example, the ultrasonictransducer system may include one more ultrasonic transducer unitsdisposed in the flowpath of the production fluid, with each ultrasonictransducer unit including one or more ultrasonic transducer heads thatgenerate the ultrasonic signals that are transmitted into the productionfluid. In some embodiments, an ultrasonic transducer unit includes anultrasonic transducer housing and one or more ultrasonic transducerheads disposed in the housing. For example, an ultrasonic transducerunit may include a cylindrical shaped housing having ultrasonictransducer heads disposed along a length of an interior of housing. Thehousing may be positioned to intersect the flowpath of the productionfluid and, during use, the ultrasonic transducer heads can be activatedto transmit ultrasonic signals through the wall of the housing, into theproduction fluid located around the exterior of the housing. In someembodiments, multiple ultrasonic transducer units are provided in theflowpath of the production fluid. For example, in the case of the vesselbeing a cylindrical vapor recovery vessel (VRV), such as a vaporrecovery tower (VRT) having a flowpath that extends along a length ofthe interior of vessel, ultrasonic transducer units may be providedalong the length of the interior of vessel. Such a configuration of theultrasonic transducer system may provide for generating ultrasonicsignals in a variety of locations, thereby increasing the exposure ofthe production fluid to ultrasonic signals and further promoting theseparation of the entrained gas from the production fluid.

In some embodiments, an ultrasonic transducer unit includes one or moreultrasonic transducer assemblies. An ultrasonic transducer assembly mayinclude one more ultrasonic transducer heads and a transducer biasingmember that biases transmission surfaces of the one or more ultrasonictransducer heads into contact with the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing. The resulting contact between thetransmission surface of the ultrasonic transducer head and the interiorsurface of the housing may facilitate the transmission of the ultrasonicsignals through the wall of the housing and into the production fluidlocated around the exterior of the housing.

In some embodiments, an ultrasonic transducer assembly includes twoopposite facing ultrasonic transducer heads and a transducer biasingmember that biases the transmission surfaces of the multiple ultrasonictransducer heads in opposite directions, into contact with the interiorsurface of the housing. For example, a transducer biasing member may bedisposed between two transducer heads, and provide an outward biasingforce to urge the two ultrasonic transducer heads and their respectivetransmission surfaces outward, in opposite directions from one another,and into contact with opposite portions of the interior surface of thehousing. Thus, a single biasing member may operate to position twoultrasonic transducer heads within the housing. Moreover, such a biasingmember may facilitate installation, repositioning, or removal ofultrasonic transducer heads. For example, the biasing member of anultrasonic transducer assembly may be compressed to retract theultrasonic transducer heads, enabling the ultrasonic transducer assembly(including the pair of ultrasonic transducer heads and the biasingmember) to be installed into, repositioned within, or removed from theinterior of the housing. The biasing member may be decompressed (orexpanded) to bias the transmission surfaces of ultrasonic transducerheads into contact with the interior surface of the housing, securingthe ultrasonic transducer assembly in place within the housing.

In some embodiments, multiple ultrasonic transducer assemblies aredisposed inside the ultrasonic transducer housing. For example, multipleultrasonic transducer assemblies may be disposed along a length of theinterior of the housing, in series and linearly offset from one another.In some embodiments, the orientations of the ultrasonic transducerassemblies is varied. For example, adjacent ultrasonic transducerassemblies may be angularly offset from one another. In some instances,each of the transducer assemblies may be offset from adjacent transducerassemblies by an offset angle of 90°, such that a first ultrasonictransducer assembly is oriented an angle of 0°, a second ultrasonictransducer assembly (adjacent the first ultrasonic transducer assembly)is oriented an angle of 90°, a third ultrasonic transducer assembly(adjacent the second ultrasonic transducer assembly) is oriented anangle of 0°, and so forth. Such a configuration of the ultrasonictransducer unit may provide for generating the ultrasonic signals in avariety of locations and orientations, thereby increasing the exposureof the production fluid to ultrasonic signals to promote the separationof the entrained gas from the production fluid.

In some embodiments, a production fluid ultrasonic degassing system isemployed in combination with other processing systems to furtherincrease the effectiveness of the degassing and processing of theproduction fluid. For example, a production fluid processing system mayinclude an ultrasonic degassing unit, a water separation system and aheater treater system. The water separation system may separate andremove water from the production fluid, and the ultrasonic productionfluid degassing system and the heater treater system may work toseparate and remove entrained gas from the production fluid. Theultrasonic production fluid degassing system may be employed at variouslocations and stages in the production fluid processing system. Forexample, the ultrasonic degassing unit may be a component of a well-sitesurface facility, that provides for separating and removing entrainedgas from production fluid, upstream of a point of sale (POS) from aproducer (e.g., a well operator) to a midstream entity (e.g., an oil andgas purchaser). The well-site surface facility may include, for example,a production fluid processing system including the ultrasonic productionfluid degassing system, and a water separation system and a heatertreater system located upstream of the ultrasonic degassing unit.

Provided in some embodiments is an ultrasonic transducer systemincluding: a hollow cylindrical ultrasonic transducer housing includingan interior surface defining an interior region; and an ultrasonictransducer assembly adapted to be disposed in an interior region of theultrasonic transducer housing. The ultrasonic transducer assemblyincluding: a first ultrasonic transducer head adapted to transmit afirst set of ultrasonic signals (the first ultrasonic transducer headincluding a first transmission surface and being adapted to direct thefirst set of ultrasonic signals through the first transmission surface);a second ultrasonic transducer head adapted to transmit a second set ofultrasonic signals (the second ultrasonic transducer head including asecond transmission surface and being adapted to direct the second setof ultrasonic signals through the second transmission surface); and atransducer biasing member disposed between the first ultrasonictransducer head and the second ultrasonic transducer head. Thetransducer biasing member adapted to bias the first ultrasonictransducer and the second ultrasonic transducer in opposite directionsto bias the first transmission surface of the first ultrasonictransducer against a first portion of the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing and to bias the second transmissionsurface of the second ultrasonic transducer against a second portion ofthe interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing that isopposite the first portion of the interior surface of the ultrasonictransducer housing.

In some embodiments, the interior surface of the ultrasonic transducerhousing includes a cylindrical shape, the first transmission surface ofthe first ultrasonic transducer includes a first curvature that iscomplementary to a curvature of the cylindrical shape of the interiorsurface of the ultrasonic transducer housing, and the secondtransmission surface of the second ultrasonic transducer includes asecond curvature that is complementary to the curvature of thecylindrical shape of the interior surface of the ultrasonic transducerhousing. In certain embodiments, the transducer biasing member includesa spring. In some embodiments, the spring includes a coil spring. Incertain embodiments, the system further includes a plurality ofultrasonic transducer assemblies disposed along a length of the interiorregion of the ultrasonic transducer housing, where the plurality ofultrasonic transducer assemblies include the ultrasonic transducerassembly. In some embodiments, the system further includes: a secondultrasonic transducer assembly adapted to be disposed in the interiorregion of the ultrasonic transducer housing. The second ultrasonictransducer assembly including: a third ultrasonic transducer headadapted to transmit a third set of ultrasonic signals (the thirdultrasonic transducer head including a third transmission surface andbeing adapted to direct the third set of ultrasonic signals through thethird transmission surface); a fourth ultrasonic transducer head adaptedto transmit a fourth set of ultrasonic signals (the fourth ultrasonictransducer head including a fourth transmission surface and beingadapted to direct the fourth set of ultrasonic signals through thefourth transmission surface); and a second transducer biasing memberdisposed between the third ultrasonic transducer head and the fourthultrasonic transducer head. The second transducer biasing member adaptedto bias the third ultrasonic transducer and the fourth ultrasonictransducer in opposite directions to bias the third transmission surfaceof the third ultrasonic transducer against a third portion of theinterior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing and to bias thefourth transmission surface of the fourth ultrasonic transducer againsta fourth portion of the interior surface of the ultrasonic transducerhousing that is opposite from the third portion of the interior surfaceof the ultrasonic transducer housing. In certain embodiments, the firstand second ultrasonic transducers are biased in opposite directionsalong a first axis, and the third and fourth ultrasonic transducers arebiased in opposite directions along a second axis. In some embodiments,the first axis is angularly offset from the second axis. In certainembodiments, the first axis is angularly offset from the second axis byan angle of 90 degrees. In some embodiments, the first axis is linearlyoffset from the second axis. In certain embodiments, the first axis isparallel to the second axis. In some embodiments, the ultrasonictransducer housing includes an ultrasonic transducer housing body, andan ultrasonic transducer housing access panel adapted to be removablycoupled to an end of the ultrasonic transducer housing body to definethe interior region of the ultrasonic transducer housing. In someembodiments, the ultrasonic transducer housing body includes a flangeadapted to couple to a complementary flange of a vessel. In certainembodiments, the complementary flange of the vessel includes a manwayaccess hatch flange. In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducerhousing access panel includes a purge port adapted to enable theinjection of substances into the interior region of the ultrasonictransducer housing. In certain embodiments, the ultrasonic transducerhousing access panel includes an electrical pass through including aconduit for the passage of an electrical wiring harness betweenultrasonic transducer assemblies disposed in the interior region of theultrasonic transducer housing and an ultrasonic generator locatedexternal to the ultrasonic transducer housing. In some embodiments, thesystem further includes an ultrasonic signal generator power supplyadapted to supply electrical signals to drive the first ultrasonictransducer to transmit the first set of ultrasonic signals and to drivethe second ultrasonic transducer to transmit the second set ofultrasonic signals.

Provided in some embodiments is an ultrasonic transducer systemincluding: an ultrasonic transducer assembly adapted to be disposed inan interior region of an ultrasonic transducer housing. The ultrasonictransducer assembly including: a first ultrasonic transducer headadapted to transmit a first set of ultrasonic signals (the firstultrasonic transducer head including a first transmission surface andbeing adapted to direct the first set of ultrasonic signals through thefirst transmission surface); a second ultrasonic transducer head adaptedto transmit a second set of ultrasonic signals (the second ultrasonictransducer head including a second transmission surface and beingadapted to direct the second set of ultrasonic signals through thesecond transmission surface); and a transducer biasing member disposedbetween the first ultrasonic transducer head and the second ultrasonictransducer head. The transducer biasing member adapted to bias the firstultrasonic transducer and the second ultrasonic transducer in oppositedirections to bias the first transmission surface of the firstultrasonic transducer against a first portion of an interior surface ofthe ultrasonic transducer housing and to bias the second transmissionsurface of the second ultrasonic transducer against a second portion ofthe interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing that isopposite the first portion of the interior surface of the ultrasonictransducer housing.

In some embodiments, the transducer biasing member includes a spring. Incertain embodiments, the spring includes a coil spring. In someembodiments, the system further includes a second ultrasonic transducerassembly disposed in interior region of the ultrasonic transducerhousing. The second ultrasonic transducer assembly including: a thirdultrasonic transducer head adapted to transmit a third set of ultrasonicsignals (the third ultrasonic transducer head including a thirdtransmission surface and being adapted to direct the third set ofultrasonic signals through the third transmission surface); a fourthultrasonic transducer head adapted to transmit a fourth set ofultrasonic signals (the fourth ultrasonic transducer head including afourth transmission surface and being adapted to direct the fourth setof ultrasonic signals through the fourth transmission surface); and asecond transducer biasing member disposed between the third ultrasonictransducer head and the fourth ultrasonic transducer head. The secondtransducer biasing member adapted to bias the third ultrasonictransducer and the fourth ultrasonic transducer in opposite directionsto bias the third transmission surface of the third ultrasonictransducer against a third portion of the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing and to bias the fourth transmissionsurface of the fourth ultrasonic transducer against a fourth portion ofthe interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing that isopposite from the third portion of the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing). In certain embodiments, the first andsecond ultrasonic transducers are biased in opposite directions along afirst axis, and the third and fourth ultrasonic transducers are biasedin opposite directions along a second axis. In some embodiments, thefirst axis is angularly offset from the second axis. In certainembodiments, the first axis is angularly offset from the second axis byan angle of 90 degrees. In some embodiments, the first axis is linearlyoffset from the second axis. In certain embodiments, the first axis isparallel to the second axis.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram that illustrates a hydrocarbon production fluidprocessing environment in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a diagram that illustrates a cross-sectioned side view of anultrasonic degassing unit in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a diagram that illustrates a cross-sectioned side view of anultrasonic degassing unit including ultrasonic transducer unitspositioned in various locations accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a diagram that illustrates a set of ultrasonic transducerunits positioned in a helical pattern in accordance with one or moreembodiments.

FIG. 5 is a diagram that illustrates a cross-sectioned side view of anexample ultrasonic transducer head in accordance with one or moreembodiments.

FIG. 6 is a diagram that illustrates a cross-sectioned side view of anultrasonic transducer unit in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIGS. 7A, 7B, 8A and 8B are diagrams that illustrate ultrasonictransducer units including ultrasonic transducer assemblies that eachinclude a plurality of ultrasonic transducer heads in accordance withone or more embodiments.

FIG. 9A is a diagram that illustrates an ultrasonic hydrocarbondegassing system including an ultrasonic transducer system havinglaterally oriented elongated ultrasonic transducer units in accordancewith one or more embodiments.

FIG. 9B is a diagram that illustrates an ultrasonic hydrocarbondegassing system including an ultrasonic transducer system havinglongitudinally oriented elongated ultrasonic transducer units inaccordance with one or more embodiments.

FIGS. 10A-10D are diagrams that illustrate an ultrasonic degassing unitin accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart that illustrates a method of degassinghydrocarbon production fluid in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 12 is a diagram that illustrates an example computer system inaccordance with one or more embodiments.

While this disclosure is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments are shown by way of example inthe drawings and will be described in detail. The drawings may not be toscale. It should be understood that the drawings and the detaileddescriptions are not intended to limit the disclosure to the particularform disclosed, but are intended to disclose modifications, equivalents,and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the presentdisclosure as defined by the claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Described are embodiments of novel systems and methods for degassinghydrocarbon production fluid using ultrasonic signals. In someembodiments, an ultrasonic signal is introduced into production fluidincluding a hydrocarbon fluid mixture of a hydrocarbon liquid and gasentrained in the hydrocarbon liquid (or “entrained gas”), to facilitatethe separation and removal of the entrained gas from the hydrocarbonliquid. In some embodiments, an ultrasonic hydrocarbon production fluiddegassing system includes a hydrocarbon degassing unit, including avessel (e.g., a vapor recovery vessel) that directs production fluidalong a flowpath, and an ultrasonic transducer system that transmitsultrasonic signals into the production fluid as it travels along theflowpath. The ultrasonic signals cause the entrained gas to separatefrom the hydrocarbon liquid, and the gas is removed, for example, by wayof a vapor recovery system (VRS).

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic signals have a frequency that iseffective to cause the entrained gas to separate from the hydrocarbonliquid. For example, the ultrasonic signals may have a frequency in therange of about 20 kilohertz (kHz) to about 40 kHz, such as about 25 kHz.In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer system includes one ormore ultrasonic transducer heads. For example, the ultrasonic transducersystem may include multiple ultrasonic transducer heads that transmitrespective subsets of the ultrasonic signals into the production fluid.Such a configuration can increase the exposure of the production fluidto ultrasonic signals, promoting the separation of the entrained gasfrom the production fluid.

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer system includes one ormore ultrasonic transducer units including ultrasonic transducer headsused to generate the ultrasonic signals. For example, the ultrasonictransducer system may include one more ultrasonic transducer unitsdisposed in the flowpath of the production fluid, with each ultrasonictransducer unit including one or more ultrasonic transducer heads thatgenerate the ultrasonic signals that are transmitted into the productionfluid. In some embodiments, an ultrasonic transducer unit includes anultrasonic transducer housing and one or more ultrasonic transducerheads disposed in the housing. For example, an ultrasonic transducerunit may include a cylindrical shaped housing having ultrasonictransducer heads disposed along a length of an interior of housing. Thehousing may be positioned to intersect the flowpath of the productionfluid and, during use, the ultrasonic transducer heads can be activatedto transmit ultrasonic signals through the wall of the housing, into theproduction fluid located around the exterior of the housing. In someembodiments, multiple ultrasonic transducer units are provided in theflowpath of the production fluid. For example, in the case of the vesselbeing a cylindrical vapor recovery vessel (VRV), such as a vaporrecovery tower (VRT) having a flowpath that extends along a length ofthe interior of vessel, ultrasonic transducer units may be providedalong the length of the interior of vessel. Such a configuration of theultrasonic transducer system may provide for generating ultrasonicsignals in a variety of locations, thereby increasing the exposure ofthe production fluid to ultrasonic signals and further promoting theseparation of the entrained gas from the production fluid.

In some embodiments, an ultrasonic transducer unit includes one or moreultrasonic transducer assemblies. An ultrasonic transducer assembly mayinclude one more ultrasonic transducer heads and a transducer biasingmember that biases transmission surfaces of the one or more ultrasonictransducer heads into contact with the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing. The resulting contact between thetransmission surface of the ultrasonic transducer head and the interiorsurface of the housing may facilitate the transmission of the ultrasonicsignals through the wall of the housing and into the production fluidlocated around the exterior of the housing.

In some embodiments, an ultrasonic transducer assembly includes twoopposite facing ultrasonic transducer heads and a transducer biasingmember that biases the transmission surfaces of the multiple ultrasonictransducer heads in opposite directions, into contact with the interiorsurface of the housing. For example, a transducer biasing member may bedisposed between two transducer heads, and provide an outward biasingforce to urge the two ultrasonic transducer heads and their respectivetransmission surfaces outward, in opposite directions from one another,and into contact with opposite portions of the interior surface of thehousing. Thus, a single biasing member may operate to position twoultrasonic transducer heads within the housing. Moreover, such a biasingmember may facilitate installation, repositioning, or removal ofultrasonic transducer heads. For example, the biasing member of anultrasonic transducer assembly may be compressed to retract theultrasonic transducer heads, enabling the ultrasonic transducer assembly(including the pair of ultrasonic transducer heads and the biasingmember) to be installed into, repositioned within, or removed from theinterior of the housing. The biasing member may be decompressed (orexpanded) to bias the transmission surfaces of ultrasonic transducerheads into contact with the interior surface of the housing, securingthe ultrasonic transducer assembly in place within the housing.

In some embodiments, multiple ultrasonic transducer assemblies aredisposed inside the ultrasonic transducer housing. For example, multipleultrasonic transducer assemblies may be disposed along a length of theinterior of the housing, in series and linearly offset from one another.In some embodiments, the orientations of the ultrasonic transducerassemblies is varied. For example, adjacent ultrasonic transducerassemblies may be angularly offset from one another. In some instances,each of the transducer assemblies may be offset from adjacent transducerassemblies by an offset angle of 90°, such that a first ultrasonictransducer assembly is oriented an angle of 0°, a second ultrasonictransducer assembly (adjacent the first ultrasonic transducer assembly)is oriented an angle of 90°, a third ultrasonic transducer assembly(adjacent the second ultrasonic transducer assembly) is oriented anangle of 0°, and so forth. Such a configuration of the ultrasonictransducer unit may provide for generating the ultrasonic signals in avariety of locations and orientations, thereby increasing the exposureof the production fluid to ultrasonic signals to promote the separationof the entrained gas from the production fluid.

In some embodiments, a production fluid ultrasonic degassing system isemployed in combination with other processing systems to furtherincrease the effectiveness of the degassing and processing of theproduction fluid. For example, a production fluid processing system mayinclude an ultrasonic degassing unit, a water separation system and aheater treater system. The water separation system may separate andremove water from the production fluid, and the ultrasonic productionfluid degassing system and the heater treater system may work toseparate and remove entrained gas from the production fluid. Theultrasonic production fluid degassing system may be employed at variouslocations and stages in the production fluid processing system. Forexample, the ultrasonic degassing unit may be a component of a well-sitesurface facility, that provides for separating and removing entrainedgas from production fluid, upstream of a point of sale (POS) from aproducer (e.g., a well operator) to a midstream entity (e.g., an oil andgas purchaser). The well-site surface facility may include, for example,a production fluid processing system including the ultrasonic productionfluid degassing system, and a water separation system and a heatertreater system located upstream of the ultrasonic degassing unit.

Although certain embodiments are described with regard to removingentrained gas from a hydrocarbon production fluid, embodiments can beapplied in various context. For example, embodiments of the ultrasonicdegassing system can be employed for separating gas from other fluids,such as separating entrained gas from refined fuels, detergents, orother liquids which are susceptible to or containing entrained gas.

FIG. 1 is a diagram that illustrates a hydrocarbon production fluidprocessing environment, including a hydrocarbon production fluidprocessing system (“hydrocarbon processing system”) 100, in accordancewith one or more embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, thehydrocarbon processing system 100 includes an ultrasonic hydrocarbonproduction fluid degassing system (“ultrasonic degassing system”) 102,an upstream hydrocarbon production fluid processing system (“upstreamprocessing system”) 104, a downstream hydrocarbon production fluidprocessing system (“downstream processing system”) 106, and a processcontroller 108. As described, in some embodiments, the hydrocarbonprocessing system 100 is employed to process a hydrocarbon productionfluid (“production fluid”) 110.

In some embodiments, the production fluid 110 includes a hydrocarbonfluid mixture, including a hydrocarbon liquid and gas entrained in thehydrocarbon liquid. The hydrocarbon liquid may include, for example,crude oil and the gas may include, for example, natural gas. Theproduction fluid 110 may include production fluid, such as mixture ofproduced oil, gas and water, provided from an outlet valve of ahydrocarbon well. In such an embodiment, the hydrocarbon processingsystem 100 may be a component of a well-site surface facilities, thatprovides for separating and removing entrained gas from the productionfluid 110, upstream of a point of sale (POS) from a producer (e.g., awell operator) to a midstream entity (e.g., an oil and gas purchaser).In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon processing system 100 is acomponent of midstream or downstream facilities, for processing theproduction fluid 110 at various stages of distribution or use.

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic degassing system 102 employsultrasonic signals to separate entrained gas from the production fluid110. For example, if the production fluid 110 includes crude oil andnatural gas entrained in the crude oil, the ultrasonic degassing system102 may employ ultrasonic signals to separate the entrained natural gasfrom the crude oil. In some embodiments, the ultrasonic degassing system102 includes one or more ultrasonic hydrocarbon degassing units(“ultrasonic degassing units”) 120. An ultrasonic degassing unit 120 mayoperate to introduce ultrasonic signals 122 into the production fluid110, to facilitate the separation of entrained gas from the productionfluid 110. Continuing with the above example, an ultrasonic degassingunit 120 may introduce ultrasonic signals 122 into the production fluid110, to cause the entrained natural gas to separate from the crude oil.

In some embodiments, an ultrasonic degassing unit 120 includes a vessel124 and an ultrasonic transducer system 126. In some embodiments, thevessel 124 defines a flowpath of the production fluid 110, and theultrasonic transducer system 126 operates to generate ultrasonic signals122 that are transmitted into the production fluid 110 as it travelsalong the flowpath defined by the vessel 124. In some embodiments, thevessel 124 is a conduit, such as a pipe, tank, or a vapor recoveryvessel (VRV), such as a vertically oriented vapor recover tower (VRT) ofa vapor recovery system that directs the flow of the production fluid110. For example, the vessel 124 may be VRT having an interior thatdefines a vertical flowpath of the production fluid 110, extending froman upper end of the VRT to a lower end of the VRT, and the ultrasonictransducer system 126 may generate ultrasonic signals 122 that aretransmitted into the production fluid 110 located inside the VRT as ittravels along the flowpath defined by the vessel 124.

The ultrasonic signals 122 may be generated with a sufficient frequencyto cause entrained gas to separate from fluid of the production fluid110. For example, the ultrasonic signals 122 may be of a sufficientfrequency to cause entrained natural gas to separate from the crude oilof the production fluid 110. In some embodiments, the ultrasonic signals122 have a frequency in the range of about 20 kilohertz (kHz) to about40 kHz. In some embodiment, the ultrasonic signals 122 have a frequencyin the range of about 23 kilohertz (kHz) to about 27 kHz. For example,the ultrasonic signals 122 may have a frequency of about 25 kHz. Theradiating of the ultrasonic signals 122 into the production fluid 110may create alternating high-pressure and low-pressure cycles at a ratecorresponding to the frequency of the ultrasonic signals 122. Thelow-pressure cycle may create a vacuum that generates bubbles, which arefilled with the entrained gas of the production fluid 110. These bubblesmay rise to the surface of the production fluid 110, where they can beseparated from the production fluid 110. In some embodiments, theultrasonic degassing system 102 includes a vapor recovery system 128,and the separated gas is captured and removed by the vapor recoverysystem 128. The recovered gas may, for example, be sold, flared-off, orotherwise disposed of in a responsible and environmentally safe manner.

In some embodiments, the upstream processing system 104 operates toconduct pre-processing of the production fluid 110, upstream of theultrasonic degassing system 102. Pre-processing of the production fluid110 may refer to processing of the production fluid 110 that occursprior to the production fluid 110 being subjected to the ultrasonicsignals 122 of the ultrasonic degassing system 102. The upstreamprocessing system 104 may include, for example, a water separatorsystem, a heater treater system or a pressure reduction system. A waterseparator system may operate to separate and remove some or all of watercontained in the production fluid 110, from the production fluid 110. Aheater treater system may operate to heat the production fluid 110 to,for example, promote the separation of entrained gas from the productionfluid 110. A pressure reduction system may operate to reduce thepressure of the production fluid 110 to, for example, promote theseparation of entrained gas from the production fluid 110. In someembodiments, the upstream processing system 104 is a component of awell-site surface facility. For example, an inlet of the upstreamprocessing system 104 may be coupled to an outlet of a production treeof a hydrocarbon well, and receive “raw” or “unprocessed” productionfluid 110 (e.g., including a hydrocarbon fluid mixture of crude oil,water and natural gas) from the hydrocarbon well. Although theillustrated embodiment includes an upstream processing system 104, insome embodiments, the hydrocarbon processing system 100 does not includean upstream processing system. For example, the ultrasonic degassingsystem 102 may be coupled to an outlet of a production tree of ahydrocarbon well, and receive raw production fluid 110 from thehydrocarbon well without pre-processing.

In some embodiments, the downstream processing system 106 operates toconduct post-processing of the production fluid 110, downstream of theultrasonic degassing system 102. Post-processing may refer to processingof the production fluid 110 subsequent to the production fluid 110 beingsubjected to the ultrasonic signals 122 of the ultrasonic degassingsystem 102. For example, post-processing may include processing of the“degassed” production fluid 110 exiting the ultrasonic degassing system102. The downstream processing system 106 may include, for example, awater separator system, a heater treater system or a pressure reductionsystem. In some embodiments, the downstream processing system 106 is acomponent of a well-site surface facility. For example, an outlet of thedownstream processing system 106 may be coupled to an outlet ofwell-site surface facilities that is coupled to a midstream facility,such as a storage facility (e.g., a storage tank), a valve for loadingthe production fluid onto a transport vehicle or a pipeline. Althoughthe illustrated embodiment includes a downstream processing system 106,in some embodiments, the hydrocarbon processing system 100 does notinclude a downstream processing system. For example, an outlet of theultrasonic degassing system 102 may be coupled to a midstream facility,such as a storage tank, a valve for loading the production fluid onto atransport vehicle, or a pipeline, and the degassed production fluid 110processed by the ultrasonic degassing system 102 may be transported tothe midstream facility, without further processing.

The production fluid 110 exiting a well, prior to undergoing processingat the surface may be referred to as “raw” or “unprocessed” productionfluid 110. The production fluid 110 subjected to pre-processing of theupstream processing system 104 (e.g., prior to being subjected todegassing by the ultrasonic degassing system 102) may be referred to as“pre-processed” production fluid 110. The production fluid 110 subjectedto the degassing of the ultrasonic degassing system 102 (e.g., theproduction fluid 110 from which the entrained gas has been separated andremoved) may be referred to as “degassed” production fluid 110. Theproduction fluid 110 subjected to the post-processing of the downstreamprocessing system 106 may be referred to as “processed” production fluid110.

In some embodiments, the processes controller 108 controls or monitorsthe processing of the production fluid 110. For example, the processcontroller 108 may include a controller that controls and monitorsupstream processing performed by the upstream processing system 104,degassing performed by the ultrasonic degassing system 102, ordownstream processing performed by the downstream processing system 106.In some embodiments, the process controller 150 includes a computersystem similar to that of computer system 2000 described with regard toat least FIG. 12.

FIG. 2 is a diagram that illustrates a cross-sectioned side view of anultrasonic degassing unit 120 in accordance with one or moreembodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, the ultrasonic degassingunit 120 includes a vessel 124 and an ultrasonic transducer system 126.The vessel 124 includes a body 202 having an interior surface 204 and anexterior surface 206, and an inlet 208 and an outlet 209. In someembodiments, the inlet 208 is coupled to an outlet of an upstreamsystem. For example, the inlet 208 may be coupled to an outlet of theupstream processing system 104, and route pre-processed production fluid110 from the upstream processing system 104, into the interior 200 ofthe vessel 124. As a further example, the inlet 208 may be coupled to anoutlet of a production tree of a hydrocarbon well, and receiveunprocessed production fluid 110 from the hydrocarbon well, such as ahydrocarbon fluid mixture of crude oil, water and natural gas. In someembodiments, the outlet 209 is coupled to an inlet of a downstreamsystem. For example, the outlet 209 may be coupled to an inlet of thedownstream processing system 106, and route degassed production fluid110 from the interior 200 of the vessel 124, to the downstreamprocessing system 106. As a further example, the outlet 209 may becoupled to a midstream facility, such as a storage tank, a valve forloading the production fluid onto a transport vehicle, or a pipeline,and route the degassed production fluid 110 from the interior 200 of thevessel 124 to the midstream facility. In some embodiments, the vessel124 is a pressure reduction apparatus that operates to reduce thepressure of the production fluid 110 to, for example, promote theseparation of entrained gas from the production fluid 110. For example,the vessel 124 may include a vapor recovery vessel (VRV), such as avapor recover tower (VRT), in which the pressure of the production fluid110 is rapidly reduced to flash gas from the production fluid 110. Theflash may occur in parallel with the introduction of ultrasonic signals122 into the production fluid 110 (e.g., both occurring inside thevessel 124) to promote the separation of the gas from the productionfluid 110.

The interior surface 204 of the body 202 of the vessel 124 may definesthe interior region (“interior”) 200 that defines a flowpath 212 of theproduction fluid 110, through the vessel 124. For example, the flowpath212 may extend from the inlet 208, through the interior 200, to theoutlet 209. Fluid in the interior 200 of the vessel 124 may beconsidered to be in the flowpath 212. In some embodiments, the vessel124 includes an elongated body 202 having a longitudinal axis 214, andsome or all of the flowpath 212 runs generally parallel to thelongitudinal axis 214 of the body 202. For example, the vessel 124 mayinclude a vapor recover tower (VRT) having a vertically orientedcylindrical body 202 having a vertically oriented longitudinal axis 214,an inlet 208 at an upper end of the body 202, an outlet at a lower endof the body 202, and the flowpath 212 may extend from the inlet 208,through the interior 200, to the outlet 209, along a flowpath 212generally parallel to the vertically oriented longitudinal axis 214. Insome embodiments, the vapor recovery system 128 includes a conduit influid communication with an upper end or other portion of the interior200 of the vessel 124 in which separated gas collects, and the vaporrecovery system 128 removes the separated gas by way of the conduit.

In some embodiments, during operation, production fluid 110 enters theinterior 200 of the vessel 124 by way of the inlet 208, travels throughthe interior of the vessel 124 along the flowpath 212, and eventuallyexits the interior 200 of the vessel 124 by way of the outlet 209. Asthe production fluid 110 travels along the flowpath 212, it may flow orotherwise be located around an ultrasonic transducer system 126 locatedin the flowpath 212, and be subjected to ultrasonic signals 122generated by the ultrasonic transducer system 126. In some embodiments,a volume of the production fluid 110 is maintained in the interior 200of the vessel 124, as indicated by the production fluid level 216. Insome embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer system 126 is disposed belowthe production fluid level 216, to transmit the ultrasonic signals 122into the volume of production fluid 110 below production fluid level216. The duration for which production fluid 110 is held in the interior200 of the vessel 124, and thus in the flowpath 212 and near theultrasonic transducer system 126, may be controlled by controlling aflow rate of the production fluid 110 entering or exiting the vessel124. For example, in an embodiment in which the production fluid 110exits the vessel 124 at about the same rate as it enters the vessel 124,the flow rate of production fluid 110 may be increased to decrease theamount of time that the production fluid 110 is held in the interior 200of the vessel 124, or be decreased to increase the amount of time thatthe production fluid 110 is held in the interior 200 of the vessel 124.Increasing the duration the production fluid 110 is held in the interior200 of the vessel 124 may increase the exposure of the production fluid110 to the ultrasonic signals 122 transmitted by the ultrasonictransducer system 126. In some embodiments, the flow rate is controlledto expose the production fluid 110 to ultrasonic signals for about 1-10minutes (e.g., about 3-4 minutes on average), as it travels through thevessel 124.

In some embodiments, an ultrasonic transducer system 126 includes one ormore ultrasonic transducer units 210. The one or more ultrasonictransducer units 210 may be operated to generate the ultrasonic signals122 transmitted by ultrasonic transducer system 126. For example, theultrasonic transducer system 126 of FIG. 2 may include one or moreultrasonic transducer units 210 that are operated to generate theultrasonic signals 122 that are transmitted into the production fluid110 as it travels through the interior 200 of the vessel 124, along theflowpath 212 and around the ultrasonic transducer system 126. In someembodiments, the one or more ultrasonic transducer units 210 aredisposed in the interior 200 of the vessel 124. For example, one or moreultrasonic transducer units 210 may be disposed in the interior 200,below the production fluid level 216, such that they transmit theultrasonic signals 122 into the volume of production fluid 110 belowproduction fluid level 216.

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer system 126 includes oneor more ultrasonic transducer units 210 suspended in the interior 200 ofthe vessel 124, one or more ultrasonic transducer units 210 extendingfrom the interior surface 204 of the vessel 124, or one or moreultrasonic transducer units 210 disposed on the exterior surface 206 ofthe vessel 124. FIG. 3 is a diagram that illustrates a cross-sectionedside view of an ultrasonic degassing unit 120 including an ultrasonictransducer system 126 that having ultrasonic transducer units 210positioned in various locations accordance with one or more embodiments.In the illustrated embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer system 126includes a first set of ultrasonic transducer units 302 a suspended inthe interior 200 of the vessel 124, in the flowpath 212 of theproduction fluid 110 and below the production fluid level 216. The firstset of ultrasonic transducer units 302 a may be suspended by a hangingelement, such as a cable 304). The ultrasonic transducer system 126 alsoincludes a second set of ultrasonic transducer units 302 b disposed onand extending laterally from the interior surface 204 of the vessel 124,in the flowpath 212 of the production fluid 110 and below the productionfluid level 216. The ultrasonic transducer system 126 further includes athird set of ultrasonic transducer units 302 c disposed on the exteriorsurface 206 of the vessel 124, below the production fluid level 216. Insuch an embodiment, during operation, the ultrasonic transducer units210 of the first and second ultrasonic transducer units 302 a and 302 bmay transmit ultrasonic signals 122 directly into the production fluid110 as it travels along the flowpath 212 and around the respectiveultrasonic transducer units 210. Further, the ultrasonic transducerunits 210 of the third set of ultrasonic transducer units 302 c maytransmit ultrasonic signals 122 through the wall of the body 202 of thevessel 124, into the production fluid 110 as it travels along theflowpath 212 and near the respective ultrasonic transducer units 210.Although the illustrated embodiment includes ultrasonic transducer units210 suspended in the interior 200 of the vessel 124, disposed on andextending laterally from the interior surface 204 of the vessel 124, anddisposed on the exterior surface 206 of the vessel 124, any combinationof suitable positions and patterns of the ultrasonic transducer units210 can be employed. Such embodiments may increase the number andcoverage of the ultrasonic signals 122, thereby increasing the exposureof the production fluid 110 to the ultrasonic signals 122 and furtherpromoting the separation of the entrained gas from the production fluid110.

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer system 126 includes aplurality of ultrasonic transducer units 210 disposed in a liner patternabout the vessel 124. For example, the plurality of ultrasonictransducer units 210 may be disposed along a length of an interior orexterior of the vessel 124 in a linear pattern, extending parallel tothe longitudinal axis 214 of the vessel 124, as illustrated in FIG. 3.Although a single line is depicted for the purpose of illustration, thepattern may include a single line or multiple lines of ultrasonictransducer units 210. For example, the ultrasonic transducer units 210may include four lines of ultrasonic transducer units 210 disposed onthe interior surface 204 or the exterior surface 206, angularly offsetby an angle of 90 degrees about the longitudinal axis 214.

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer system 126 includes aplurality of ultrasonic transducer units 210 positioned in a non-linearpattern about the vessel 124. For example, the plurality of ultrasonictransducer units 210 may be positioned in a helical pattern defined byultrasonic transducer units 210 disposed along a helical path, extendingaround the longitudinal axis of the vessel 124. FIG. 4 is a diagram thatillustrates a side view of a set of ultrasonic transducer units 402positioned in a helical pattern in accordance with one or moreembodiments. In the illustrated embodiments, the ultrasonic transducerunits 210 of the set of ultrasonic transducer units 402 are disposedalong a helical path 404 spiraling around the longitudinal axis 214 andalong a length of the interior surface 204 of the vessel 124. In someembodiments, the helical path may extend a partial revolution, acomplete revolution or multiple revolutions, around the longitudinalaxis 214 of the vessel 124. For example, an ultrasonic transducer system126 may include eleven ultrasonic transducer unit 210, each angularlyoffset by about 36 degrees from an adjacent ultrasonic transducer unit210 and linearly offset by about 1 meter (m) from the adjacentultrasonic transducer unit(s) 210, such that the helical path 404 andpattern of ultrasonic transducer units 210 includes one complete turnabout the longitudinal axis of the vessel 124, and spans a distance ofabout 10 m along the length of the vessel 124. Such patterning can beused to promote directional flow of the production fluid inside thevessel 124. For example, the plurality of ultrasonic transducer units210 disposed in a helical pattern about the vessel 124 may cause theproduction fluid 110 to spiral (or “roll”) about the longitudinal axis214 within the vessel 124. The additional movement can further cause thedifferent portions of the production fluid 110 to move toward and nearthe ultrasonic transducer units 210, thereby increasing the exposure ofthe production fluid 110 to ultrasonic signals 122 and further promotingthe separation of the entrained gas from the production fluid 110.Although the illustrated embodiment depicts ultrasonic transducer units210 disposed on the interior of the vessel 124 for the purpose ofillustration, embodiments can include ultrasonic transducer units 210suspended in a helical pattern, or disposed on the exterior surface 206of the vessel 124 in a helical pattern.

In some embodiments, an ultrasonic transducer unit 210 includes one ormore ultrasonic transducer heads. An ultrasonic transducer head mayinclude an acoustic device that is operable to generate ultrasonicacoustic signals, such as ultrasonic signals 122. FIG. 5 is a diagramthat illustrates a cross-sectioned side view of an example ultrasonictransducer head 500 in accordance with one or more embodiments. In theillustrated embodiment, the transducer head 500 includes a body 502, anacoustic signal source 504 and a nose (or “cover”) 506.

In some embodiments, the body 502 is a housing that at least partiallyencapsulates the acoustic signal source 504, to protect and insulate theacoustic signal source 504. For example, the body 502 may include anacoustic insulator having a metal outer casing and defining an interiorregion inside of which the acoustic signal source 504 is disposed. Insome embodiments, the acoustic insulator of the body 502 inhibitsultrasonic signals 122 generated by the acoustic signal source 504 frompassing through the body 502, and, as a result, directs the ultrasonicsignals 122 generated by the acoustic signal source 504 through the nose506 (as indicated by arrow 508).

In some embodiments, the acoustic signal source 504 includes a devicethat generates ultrasonic signals 122 in response to being driven by acorresponding source signal. For example, the acoustic signal source 504may include a piezoelectric crystal. During operation, the piezoelectriccrystal may be driven by an alternating current (AC) voltage of a givenfrequency, causing the piezoelectric crystal to generate acousticsignals of the given frequency. In some embodiments, the frequency ofthe AC voltage source signal is of a sufficient frequency to generatethe ultrasonic signals 122. For example, the frequency of the AC voltagesource signal may be equal to or greater than about 20 kHz. Inaccordance with some embodiments, the source signal may include an ACvoltage of a frequency in the range of about 20 kHz to about 40 kHz orin the range of about 23 kilohertz (kHz) to about 27 kHz, such as about25 kHz, which causes the piezoelectric crystal to generate correspondingultrasonic signals 122 having a frequency that corresponds to the sourcesignal. In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer system 126includes an ultrasonic source signal generator that generates theultrasonic source signal used to drive the acoustic signal source 504 ofthe ultrasonic transducer head 500. For example, the ultrasonictransducer system 126 may include an ultrasonic generator that includesan AC voltage source that can be controlled to generate an AC voltagehaving the desired ultrasonic frequency (e.g., about 20 kHz to about 40kHz), and that is routed to the acoustic signal source 504 of theultrasonic transducer head 500.

In some embodiments, the nose 506 includes a protective cover disposedover the acoustic signal source 504 that encapsulates the acousticsignal source 504 in the body 502 and that is capable of transmittingultrasonic signals 122 generated by the acoustic signal source 504. Forexample, the nose 506 may be a metal or plastic cover disposed over theacoustic signal source 504 to enclose the acoustic signal source 504 inthe body 502. During operation, the ultrasonic signals 122 generated bythe acoustic signal source 504 may be transmitted through the nose 506and into the environment surrounding the ultrasonic transducer head 500,in a transmission direction (as indicated by arrow 508). A transmissionsurface 510 of an ultrasonic transducer head 500 may be defined as asurface on an exterior of the ultrasonic transducer head 500 from whichthe ultrasonic signals 122 generated by the ultrasonic transducer head500 are transmitted. For example, the transmission surface 510 of theultrasonic transducer head 500 may be the exterior surface of the nose506, from which the ultrasonic signals 122 are transmitted.

In some embodiments, an ultrasonic transducer unit 210 includes ahousing and one or more ultrasonic transducer heads 500 disposed in thehousing. During use, the housing may position the ultrasonic transducerheads 500 in close proximity to the production fluid 110, whileisolating the ultrasonic transducer heads 500 from the surroundingenvironment. Such a housing can be especially important for protectingtransducer heads where the ultrasonic transducer unit 210 is exposed toharsh environmental conditions, such as being submersed in theproduction fluid 110, or being exposed to the environment surroundingthe vessel 124.

FIG. 6 is a diagram that illustrates a cross-sectioned side view of anultrasonic transducer unit 210 in accordance with one or moreembodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, the ultrasonic transducerunit 210 includes a housing 600 and a plurality of ultrasonic transducerassemblies 601 disposed in an interior 602 of the housing 600. In someembodiments, the housing 600 includes a hollow cylindrical tube,defining a cylindrically shaped interior 602. In some embodiments, thehousing 600 includes an access panel 603. The access panel 603 may beinstalled (or “closed”) to seal-off or otherwise isolate the interior602 of the housing 600 and the ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 fromthe surrounding environment. The access panel 603 may be uninstalled (or“opened”) to provide access to the interior 602 of the housing 600. Thiscan provide access to the interior 602 of the housing 600 to, forexample, install, reposition or remove the ultrasonic transducerassemblies 601 in the interior 602 of the housing 600. In someembodiments, each of the ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 includesone or more ultrasonic transducer heads 500. The transmission surface510 of each of the ultrasonic transducer heads 500 may abut an interiorsurface 604 of the housing 600. During operation, the ultrasonic signals122 generated by the ultrasonic transducer heads 500 may be transmittedfrom the transmission surface 510 of the ultrasonic transducer heads500, through an adjacent portion of the housing 600, and into anadjacent portion of the environment surrounding the housing 600.

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 areadhered to the interior surface 604 of the housing 600. For example, thetransmission surfaces 510 of the ultrasonic transducer heads 500 may beadhered to the interior surface 604 of the housing 600 using anadhesive, such as an epoxy adhesive. Such adhesion may provide acousticcoupling between the transmission surface 510 and the interior surface604 of the housing 600 that facilitates the transmission of theultrasonic signals 122 into and through the walls of the housing 600. Insome embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer heads 500 are biased againstthe interior surface 604 of the housing 600. For example, each of theultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 may include a biasing memberpositioned to exert a biasing force on the one or more ultrasonictransducer heads 500 of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601, to urgethe transmission surface 510 of the one or more ultrasonic transducerheads 500 of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601 into contact, orotherwise against, the interior surface 604 of the housing 600. In someembodiments, the interface between the transmission surface 510 of theultrasonic transducer head 500 and the interior surface 604 of thehousing 600 is further adapted to facilitate the transmission of theultrasonic signals 122. For example, in the case where the transmissionsurface 510 of the ultrasonic transducer head 500 is not adhered to theinterior surface 604 of the housing 600 using an adhesive, atransmission substance, such as a gel, may be disposed between thetransmission surface 510 of the ultrasonic transducer head 500 and theinterior surface 604 of the housing 600, to further promote contact andacoustic coupling between the transmission surface 510 and the interiorsurface 604.

In some embodiments, an ultrasonic transducer assembly 601 includes aplurality of ultrasonic transducer heads 500. For example, an ultrasonictransducer assembly 601 may include a biasing member disposed between apair of ultrasonic transducer heads 500. The biasing member may providean outward biasing force to urge the two ultrasonic transducer heads 500outward, in opposite directions from one another. The biasing force mayurge the respective transmission surfaces 510 of the pair of ultrasonictransducer heads 500 into contact with opposite portions of the interiorsurface 604 of the housing 600. In such an embodiment, the ultrasonictransducer heads 500 may be operated to transmit ultrasonic signals 122in opposite directions.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams that illustrate cross-sectioned side andend views, respectively, of an example an ultrasonic transducer unit 210including ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 that each include aplurality of ultrasonic transducer heads 500 in accordance with one ormore embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the ultrasonictransducer assemblies 601 includes a biasing member 702 disposed betweena pair of ultrasonic transducer heads 500. The biasing member 702 mayinclude a compressive spring, such as a compressive coil spring, acompressive rubber or urethane block spring, or the like. When thebiasing member 702 is at least partially compressed, the biasing member702 may provide outward biasing force (indicated by arrows 704) thaturges the two ultrasonic transducer heads 500 outward, in oppositedirections from one another (in the direction of arrows 704). In such anembodiment, the ultrasonic transducer heads 500 can be operated totransmit respective sets of ultrasonic signals 122 in oppositedirections, through opposite portions of the housing 600. The sets ofultrasonic signals 122 for an ultrasonic transducer assembly 601 may begenerated in opposite directions, and parallel to an axis 705 of thetransducer head assembly. When the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601 isinstalled in the interior 602 of the housing 600, the biasing force mayurge the respective transmission surfaces 510 of the ultrasonictransducer heads 500 in to contact with opposite portions of theinterior surface 604 of the housing 600. Such an embodiment may providecontact between each transmission surface 510 and the interior surface604 of the housing 600, to promote acoustic coupling between thetransmission surface 510 and the interior surface 604 of the housing 600that facilitates the transmission of the ultrasonic signals 122 into andthrough the housing 600. In some embodiments, the biasing member 702 isemployed without adhering the ultrasonic transducer head 500 to theinterior surface 604 of the housing 600. For example, the biasing member702 may be positioned to exert a biasing force on the body 502 of theultrasonic transducer head 500 to urge the transmission surface 510 ofthe ultrasonic transducer head 500 against the interior surface 604 ofthe housing 600, without the use of an adhesive between the transmissionsurface 510 of the ultrasonic transducer head 500 and the interiorsurface 604 of the housing 600. Such an embodiment may promote contactbetween the transmission surface 510 and the interior surface 604 of thehousing 600 that provides acoustic coupling between the transmissionsurface 510 and the interior surface 604 of the housing 600 thatfacilitates the transmission of the ultrasonic signals 122 into andthrough the housing 600, while enabling the transmission surface 510 todisengage from contact with the interior surface 604 of the housing 600without having to break an adhesive bond between the transmissionsurface 510 and the interior surface 604 of the housing 600. This can beparticularly useful for installing, repositioning, or removing theultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 and the ultrasonic transducer heads500 in the housing 600.

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601 can beadjusted between a retracted state and an expanded state. In theretracted state, the biasing member 702 may be compressed to reduce anoverall height (H) of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601. Theoverall height (H) of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601 may, forexample, be less than a height (e.g., an interior diameter) of theinterior 602 of the housing 600. In such an embodiment, the ultrasonictransducer assembly 601 may be maintained in the retracted state whilethe ultrasonic transducer assembly 601 is moved into, out of, or withinthe interior 602 of the housing 600. Once the ultrasonic transducerassembly 601 is located at an installation location within the interior602 of the housing 600, the biasing member 702 may be released orotherwise decompressed to place the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601in the expanded state, which in turn biases the transmission surfaces510 of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601 into engagement with therespective portions of the interior surface 604 of the housing 600, tosecure the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601 in the installationlocation.

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 areinstalled in series along a length of the interior 602 of the housing600, linearly offset from one another by a given distance (D) (e.g.,0.25 meters (m)). In some embodiments, the plurality of ultrasonictransducer assemblies 601 have the same or different orientations. Suchembodiments may increase the number and coverage of the ultrasonicsignals 122, thereby increasing the exposure of the production fluid 110to the ultrasonic signals 122 and promoting the separation of theentrained gas from the production fluid 110 around the ultrasonictransducer unit 210.

The ultrasonic transducer unit 210 of FIGS. 7A and 7B includes aplurality of ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 having the sameorientation in accordance with one or more embodiments. In theillustrated embodiment, the four ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601are installed in series along a length of the interior 602 of thehousing 600, are linearly offset from one another by an offset distance(D) (e.g., 0.25 m), and are all arranged in the same orientation. Insuch an embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 maygenerate respective sets of ultrasonic signals 122 in the sameorientations, at locations offset from one another by the offsetdistance (D). For example, with each of the ultrasonic transducerassemblies 601 including “dual-opposing” ultrasonic transducer heads500, each of the ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 may generate afirst set of ultrasonic signals 122 in a first direction (as indicatedby the upward ultrasonic signals 122 in FIGS. 7A and 7B, parallel to theaxis 705), and may generate a second set of ultrasonic signals 122 in asecond direction, opposite from the first direction (e.g., angularlyoffset by 180 degrees from the first direction) (as indicated by thedownward ultrasonic signals 122 in FIGS. 7A and 7B, parallel to the axis705).

FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams that illustrates cross-sectioned side andend views, respectively, of an ultrasonic transducer unit 210 includinga plurality of ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 (e.g., ultrasonictransducer assemblies 601 a, 601 b, 601 c and 601 d) having differentorientations in accordance with one or more embodiments. In theillustrated embodiment, the four ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 a,601 b, 601 c and 601 d are installed in series along a length of theinterior 602 of the housing 600, are linearly offset from one another byan offset distance (D) (e.g., 0.25 m), and are arranged in differentorientations. For example, in the illustrated embodiment each of theultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 a, 601 b, 601 c and 601 d areoriented at an angular offset of about 90 degrees relative to anadjacent ultrasonic transducer assembly. For example, the axis 705 ofeach of the ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 a and 601 c may have anorientation of 0 degrees, and the axis 705 of each of the ultrasonictransducer assembly 601 b and 601 d may have an orientation of 90degrees. In such an embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601a, 601 b, 601 c and 601 d may generate ultrasonic signals 122 indifferent orientations, at locations offset from one another by theoffset distance (D). For example, with each of the ultrasonic transducerassemblies 601 a, 601 b, 601 c and 601 d including “dual-opposing”ultrasonic transducer heads 500, the ultrasonic transducer assemblies601 a and 601 c may each generate ultrasonic signals 122 in oppositedirections along a first orientation, and the ultrasonic transducerassemblies 601 b and 601 d may each generate ultrasonic signals 122 inopposite directions along a second orientation offset from the firstorientation by 90 degrees.

Although embodiments are described with regard to four ultrasonictransducer assemblies, a liner offset distance of about 0.25 m andangular offsets of about 90 degrees for the purpose of illustration,embodiments can include any suitable number of ultrasonic transducerassemblies 601, other offset distances and other angular offsets. Forexample, an ultrasonic transducer unit 210 can include any number ofultrasonic transducer assemblies 601, the ultrasonic transducerassemblies 601 can be linearly offset from one another by a suitabledistance (e.g., in the range of about 0.1 m to 10 m), and can beangularly offset from one another by a suitable offset angle (e.g., inthe range of about 1 degree to 180 degrees).

In some embodiments, an ultrasonic degassing system 102 includeselongated ultrasonic transducer units 210 that are oriented to protrudeinto the interior 200 of the vessel 124, to intersect the productionfluid 110 in the flowpath 212. For example, an ultrasonic degassingsystem 102 may include one or more elongated ultrasonic transducer units210 that protrude laterally or longitudinally into the interior of thevessel 124, to intersect the production fluid 110 in the flowpath 212.Such an embodiment may increase the number and coverage of theultrasonic signals 122, thereby increasing the exposure of theproduction fluid 110 to the ultrasonic signals 122 and promoting theseparation of the entrained gas from the production fluid 110.

FIG. 9A is a diagram that illustrates an ultrasonic degassing system 102including an ultrasonic transducer system 126 having two laterallyoriented elongated ultrasonic transducer units 210 in accordance withone or more embodiments. An elongated ultrasonic transducer units 210may have a body having a length that is greater than its width Forexample, an elongated ultrasonic transducer units 210 may have acylindrical body having a length that is about 25% greater or more thanits outer diameter. In the illustrated embodiment, the ultrasonictransducer units 210 protrude laterally into the interior of the vessel124, each having a longitudinal axis 902 extending perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis 214 of the vessel 124 and the flowpath 212 of theproduction fluid 110. During operation, the laterally oriented elongatedultrasonic transducer units 210 may intersect the production fluid 110in the flowpath 212 in series, one after the other. In some embodiments,the laterally oriented elongated ultrasonic transducer units 210 arecoupled to the side wall of the vessel 124. For example, the elongatedultrasonic transducer units 210 may be installed through and fastened toan access hatch or port, such as a manway access, in the side wall ofthe vessel 124. Although two laterally oriented elongated ultrasonictransducer units 210 are depicted for the purpose of illustration, anysuitable number of laterally oriented elongated ultrasonic transducerunits 210 may be employed (e.g., 1, 3, 4, 5 or more laterally orientedelongated ultrasonic transducer units 210 may be employed). In someembodiments, a laterally oriented elongated ultrasonic transducer unit210 extends substantially across the width of the vessel 124. Forexample, in the case of the vessel being a cylinder, a laterallyoriented elongated ultrasonic transducer unit 210 may extend greaterthan about 40% (e.g., about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90%), or the entiretyof, the internal diameter of the vessel 124.

FIG. 9B is a diagram that illustrates an ultrasonic degassing system 102including an ultrasonic transducer system 126 having two longitudinallyoriented elongated ultrasonic transducer units 210 in accordance withone or more embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, the ultrasonictransducer units 210 protrude longitudinally into the interior of thevessel 124, each having a longitudinal axis 902 extending parallel tothe longitudinal axis 214 of the vessel 124 and the flowpath 212 of theproduction fluid 110. During operation, the longitudinally orientedelongated ultrasonic transducer units 210 may intersect the productionfluid 110 in the flowpath 212 in parallel. In some embodiments, thelongitudinally oriented elongated ultrasonic transducer units 210 arecoupled to an end cap of the vessel 124. For example, the elongatedultrasonic transducer units 210 may be installed through and fastened toan access hatch or port, such as a manway access, in a top end cap ofthe vessel 124. Although two longitudinally oriented elongatedultrasonic transducer units 210 are depicted for the purpose ofillustration, any suitable number of longitudinally oriented elongatedultrasonic transducer units 210 may be employed (e.g., 1, 3, 4, 5 ormore longitudinally oriented elongated ultrasonic transducer units 210may be employed). In some embodiments, a longitudinally orientedelongated ultrasonic transducer unit 210 extends substantially acrossthe length of the vessel 124. For example, in the case of the vesselbeing a cylinder, a longitudinally oriented elongated ultrasonictransducer unit 210 may extend greater than about 40% (e.g., about 50%,60%, 70%, 80% or 90%), or the entirety of, the interior length of thevessel 124.

Embodiments of the ultrasonic degassing system 102 can be employed in avariety of context, including various locations within a hydrocarbonprocessing system. For example, the ultrasonic degassing system 102 maybe employed in conjunction with a vapor recovery system (VRS) of thehydrocarbon processing system 100. In such an embodiment, the vessel 124of the ultrasonic degassing system 102 may include a VRV. Further, insuch an embodiment, one or more ultrasonic transducer units 210 may bepositioned to transmit ultrasonic signals 122 into production fluid 110traveling through the interior of the VRV. The ultrasonic signals 122may cause the entrained gas to separate from the production fluid 110,and the separated gas may be captured and removed by the vapor recoverysystem 128. The recovered gas may, for example, be sold, flared off, orotherwise disposed of in a responsible and environmentally safe manner.

FIG. 10A is a diagram that illustrates an example ultrasonic degassingsystem 102 in accordance with one or more embodiments. In theillustrated embodiment, the ultrasonic degassing system 102 includes avertically oriented vessel 124, and an ultrasonic transducer system 126including a laterally oriented ultrasonic transducer unit 210. FIGS.10B-10D are diagrams that illustrate perspective, cross-sectioned sideand end views, respectively, of the ultrasonic transducer unit 210 ofthe ultrasonic degassing system 102 of FIG. 10A, in accordance with oneor more embodiments.

The vertically oriented vessel 124 may be a vapor recover tower (VRT).In the illustrated embodiment, the vessel 124 includes an access hatch1002 located in a side wall 1004 of the vessel 124. The access hatch1002 is defined by an access hatch hole 1005 in the side wall 1004 ofthe vessel 124 that provide access to the interior 200 of the vessel124, and an access hatch flange 1006. The access hatch 1002 may be, forexample, an access manway that provides access to the interior 200 ofthe vessel 124. The access hatch flange 1006 includes mounting holes foruse in bolting a complementary component, such as an access manwaycover, to the access hatch flange 1006.

In the illustrated embodiment, the vessel 124 includes an inlet 208located at an upper end 1010 of the vessel 124 and an outlet 209 locatedat a lower end 1012 of the vessel 124. The flowpath 212 may extend fromthe inlet 208 of the vessel 124 to the outlet 209 of the vessel 124.During operation, production fluid 110 may enter the vessel 124 by wayof the inlet 208, travel downward in the interior 200 of the vessel 124,along the flowpath 212, and exit the vessel 124 by way of the outlet209. A conduit 1013 of the vapor recovery system 128 may be in fluidcommunication with an upper end of the interior 200, and vapor recoverysystem 128 may remove the separated gas by way of the conduit 1013.

In the illustrated embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer unit 210extends laterally, through the access hatch 1002, into the interior 200of the vessel 124, such that the longitudinal axis 902 of the ultrasonictransducer unit 210 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 214 of thevessel 124. In such an embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer unit 210laterally intersects the flowpath 212 of the production fluid 110 thatis generally parallel to the longitudinal axis 214. The ultrasonictransducer unit 210 may be operated to generate ultrasonic signals 122that are transmitted into the production fluid 110, as the productionfluid 110 moves through the interior 200 of the vessel 124, along theflowpath 212, causing the entrained gas to separate from the productionfluid 110.

In the illustrated embodiment, the housing 600 of the ultrasonictransducer unit 210 includes a hollow, cylindrically shaped tube,defining a cylindrically shaped interior 602. A trailing end 1022 of thehousing 600 includes an access port 1023 and a transducer unit flange1024. The transducer unit flange 1024 includes an outer set of mountingholes for use in securing the housing 600 to the vessel 124, and aninner set of mounting holes for use in securing the access panel 603 tothe housing 600.

In the illustrated embodiment, the access panel 603 includes anelectrical pass through 1030 and a purge port 1032. The electrical passthrough 1230 may provide a conduit for the passage of an electricalwiring harness 1034 between the ultrasonic transducer assembliesdisposed in the interior 200 of the housing 600, and an ultrasonicgenerator 1036 located external to the housing 600. The electrical passthrough 1030 may include a sealed interface such that the interior 602of the housing 600 is isolated from the surrounding environment, and canbe maintained at a desired pressure. The purge port 1032 may provide aconduit for regulating pressure in the interior 602 of the housing 600or introducing substances, such as nitrogen, into the interior 602 ofthe housing 600. A gasket 1033 may be disposed between the access panel603 and the transducer unit flange 1024. The gasket 1033 may provide afluid seal between the interior 602 of the housing 600 and thesurrounding environment.

In the illustrated embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer unit 210includes twelve ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601, each includingdual-opposing ultrasonic transducer heads 500. The transmission surface510 of each of the ultrasonic transducer heads 500 may have a shape thatis complementary to the interior surface 604 of the housing 600. Forexample, the transmission surface 510 of each of the ultrasonictransducer heads 500 may have a curvature having a radius that is thesame or similar to the radius of the interior surface 604 of the housing600. In the illustrated embodiment, the body 502 of each of theultrasonic transducer heads 500 includes a stem 1038 and a shoulder1040. Further, the biasing member 702 of each of the ultrasonictransducer assemblies 601 includes a spring that is disposed around thestems 1038 of the pair of ultrasonic transducer heads 500 of theultrasonic transducer assembly 601, with opposite ends of the springengaging the shoulders 1040 of the bodies 502 of the pair of ultrasonictransducer heads 500 of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601. The stem1038 may help to secure the spring in position, and guide movement ofthe bodies 502 and the spring during retraction and expansion of theultrasonic transducer assembly 601. In the illustrated embodiment, eachof the twelve ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 are linearly offsetby an offset distance (D) (e.g., about 0.25 m) and an angular offset ofabout 90 degrees. Each of the ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 maybe electrically coupled to the ultrasonic generator 1036 by way of theelectrical wiring harness 1034.

Assembly of the ultrasonic transducer unit 210 may include thefollowing: removing the access panel 603 from the housing 600;positioning each of the twelve ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 intotheir respective positions within the interior 602 of the housing 600;passing the electrical wiring harness 1034 through the electrical passthrough 1030 of the access panel 603; fastening bolts through themounting holes of the access panel 603 and the inner set of mountingholes of the transducer unit flange 1024 to secure the access panel 603to the housing 600 and to seal-off the interior 602 of the housing 600from the surrounding environment; and injecting gas, such as nitrogen,into the interior 602 of the housing 600 by way of the purge port 1032to pressurize the interior 602 of the housing 600 to a pressure abovethe operating pressure at the interior 200 the vessel 134. Such apressurization may inhibit substances, such as production fluid 110,from entering the interior 602 of the housing 600 during use. Thepositioning of each of the twelve ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601into their respective positions within the interior 602 of the housing600 may include, for each of the twelve ultrasonic transducer assemblies601 performing the following: attaching the ultrasonic transducerassembly 601 to the electrical wiring harness 1034; compressing theultrasonic transducer assembly 601 into a retracted state such theheight of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601 is less than thediameter of the interior 602 of the housing 600; moving the ultrasonictransducer assembly 601 longitudinally along the interior 602 of thehousing 600, into position within the interior 602 of the housing 600;releasing or otherwise de-compressing the ultrasonic transducer assembly601, to move the ultrasonic transducer assembly 601 into an expandedstate such the transmission surfaces 510 of the ultrasonic transducerassembly 601 engage corresponding portions of the interior surface 604of the housing 600. Disassembly of the ultrasonic transducer unit 210may be the reverse of that described for assembly.

Assembly of the ultrasonic transducer unit 210 into the vessel 134 mayinclude the following: inserting a leading end 1020 of the housing 600into and through the access hatch 1002 and into the interior 200 of thevessel 124; and fastening bolts through the outer set of mounting holesof the transducer unit flange 1024 of the housing 600 and thecomplementary mounting holes of the access hatch flange 1006 of theaccess hatch 1002 of the vessel 124, to secure the housing 600 to thevessel 124. Disassembly of the ultrasonic degassing unit 120 from thevessel 134 may be the reverse of that described for assembly. Assemblyof ultrasonic transducer unit 210 may be performed before, after orduring assembly of the ultrasonic transducer unit 210 into the vessel134.

Such a modular configuration can provide flexibility in the installationand maintenance of the ultrasonic degassing system 102. For example, thehousing 600 may be secured to the vessel 124, and assembly of theultrasonic transducer unit 210 can take place with the housing 600already secured to the vessel 124. As a further example, the ultrasonictransducer assemblies 601 can be accessed for maintenance or replacementby simply removing the access panel 603 of the housing 600, withouthaving to remove the housing 600 from the vessel 124. This may allow thevessel 124 to remain in a sealed state, with minimal or no interruptionof the flow of the production fluid 110 through the vessel 124, duringinstallation, inspection, replacement, repositioning or removal of theultrasonic transducer assemblies 601.

Operation of the ultrasonic degassing system 102 can include providing aflow of the production fluid 110 through the inlet 208 of the vessel124, and operating the ultrasonic transducer unit 210 to transmit theultrasonic signals 122. In some embodiments, operating the ultrasonictransducer unit 210 includes operating the ultrasonic generator 1036 tosupply a voltage of a desired ultrasonic frequency (e.g., 25 kHz), tothe ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601, which in turn causes thetransducer heads 500 of the ultrasonic transducer assemblies 601 togenerate the ultrasonic signals 122 that are transmitted through thehousing 600 and into the production fluid 110 surrounding the housing600. As the production fluid 110 flows from the inlet 208 of the vessel124 to the outlet 209 of the vessel 134, along the flowpath 212, theultrasonic signals 122 generated by the ultrasonic transducer unit 210may be transmitted into the production fluid 110 surrounding theultrasonic transducer unit 210, causing the entrained gas to separatefrom the production fluid 110 and rise to the upper end 1010 of theinterior 200 of the vessel 124, where it can be collected and disposedof by a vapor recovery system (e.g., vapor recovery system 128). Thedegassed production fluid 110 may flow to the lower end 1012 of thevessel 124, and exit the vessel 124 by way of the outlet 209.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart that illustrates a method 1100 of degassinghydrocarbon production fluid in accordance with one or more embodiments.The method 1100 may include providing an ultrasonic degassing system(block 1102). In some embodiments, providing an ultrasonic degassingsystem includes providing an ultrasonic degassing system similar to thatof the ultrasonic degassing system 102. For example, providing anultrasonic degassing system may include assembling or otherwiseproviding the hydrocarbon processing system 100, including theultrasonic degassing system 102. The ultrasonic degassing system 102 mayinclude one or more ultrasonic degassing units 120, each including avessel 124 and an ultrasonic transducer system 126. Each of theultrasonic transducer system 126 may include one or more ultrasonictransducer units 210, each including one or more ultrasonic transducerheads 500, as described here.

The method 300 may include conducting pre-processing of the hydrocarbonproduction fluid (block 1104). In some embodiments, conductingpre-processing of hydrocarbon production fluid includes the upstreamprocessing system 104 processing raw/unprocessed production fluid 110 togenerate pre-processed production fluid 110 for processing by theultrasonic degassing system 102. For example, the upstream processingsystem 104 may include a water separator system, a heater treater systemor a pressure reduction system. The water separator system may operateto separate and remove some or all of water contained in the productionfluid 110, from the production fluid 110. The heater treater system mayoperate to heat the production fluid 110 to promote the separation ofentrained gas from the production fluid 110. The pressure reductionsystem may operate to reduce the pressure of the production fluid 110to, for example, promote the separation of entrained gas from theproduction fluid 110.

The method 300 may include operating the ultrasonic degassing system toseparate entrained gas from the hydrocarbon production fluid (block1106). In some embodiments, operating the ultrasonic degassing system toseparate entrained gas from hydrocarbon production fluid includesproviding a flow of production fluid 110 (e.g., raw or pre-processedproduction fluid 110) through the ultrasonic degassing system 102, andoperating the ultrasonic degassing system 102 to transmit ultrasonicsignals 122 into the production fluid 110 to cause entrained gas of theproduction fluid 110 to separate from the production fluid 110.Continuing with the above example, operating the ultrasonic degassingsystem to separate entrained gas from hydrocarbon production fluid mayinclude introducing production fluid 110 through an inlet 208 of thevessel 124 such that it flows along the flowpath 212, to an outlet 209of the vessel 124, and controlling an ultrasonic generator (e.g.,ultrasonic generator 1036) to generate source signals that drive the oneor more ultrasonic transducer heads 500 to generate ultrasonic signals122 that are transmitted into the production fluid 110 as it flowsaround the one or more ultrasonic transducer units 210, as describedhere. In some embodiments, the source signal may include an AC voltageof a frequency in the range of about 20 kHz to 40 kHz, such as about 25kHz, which causes the ultrasonic transducer heads 500 to generatecorresponding ultrasonic signals 122 having a frequency of about 20 kHzto 40 kHz, such as about 25 kHz. In some embodiments, the gas separatedfrom the production fluid 110 is removed by the vapor recovery system128. The recovered gas may, for example, be sold, flared-off, orotherwise disposed of in a responsible and environmentally safe manner.

The method 300 may include conducting post-processing of the hydrocarbonproduction fluid (block 1108). In some embodiments, conductingpost-processing of hydrocarbon production fluid includes the downstreamprocessing system 106 processing degassed production fluid 110 togenerate processed production fluid 110. For example, the downstreamprocessing system 106 may include a water separator system, a heatertreater system or a pressure reduction system. The water separatorsystem may operate to separate and remove some or all of water containedin the production fluid 110, from the production fluid 110. The heatertreater system may operate to heat the production fluid 110 to promotethe separation of entrained gas from the production fluid 110. Thepressure reduction system may operate to reduce the pressure of theproduction fluid 110 to, for example, promote the separation ofentrained gas from the production fluid 110.

In some embodiments, operation of the ultrasonic degassing system 102 orother components of the hydrocarbon processing system 100 are controlledby the process controller 150. For example, the process controller 150may control and monitor the flowrate of production fluid 110 into andthrough the vessel 134, may control and monitor operation of theultrasonic generator 1036, or may monitor and control operation of thevapor recovery system 128, the upstream processing system 104, or thedownstream processing system 106.

FIG. 12 is a diagram that illustrates an example computer system (or“system”) 2000 in accordance with one or more embodiments. In someembodiments, the system 2000 is a programmable logic controller (PLC).The system 2000 may include a memory 2004, a processor 2006 and aninput/output (I/O) interface 2008. The memory 2004 may includenon-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory, read-only memory (ROM),programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-onlymemory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory(EEPROM)), volatile memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), staticrandom access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM)), or bulkstorage memory (for example, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM, hard drives). The memory2004 may include a non-transitory computer-readable storage mediumhaving program instructions 2010 stored thereon. The programinstructions 2010 may include program modules 2012 that are executableby a processor (e.g., the processor 2006) to cause the functionaloperations described, such as those described with regard to operationof the processing system 100, including the ultrasonic degassing system102, and method 1100.

The processor 2006 may be any suitable processor capable of executingprogram instructions. The processor 2006 may include a centralprocessing unit (CPU) that carries out program instructions (e.g., theprogram instructions of the program modules 2012) to perform thearithmetical, logical, or I/O operations described. The processor 2006may include one or more processors. The I/O interface 2008 may providean interface for communication with one or more I/O devices 2014, suchas a computer mouse, a keyboard, or a display screen (e.g., anelectronic display for displaying a graphical user interface (GUI)). TheI/O devices 2014 may include one or more of the user input devices. TheI/O devices 2014 may be connected to the I/O interface 2008 by way of awired connection (e.g., an Industrial Ethernet connection) or a wirelessconnection (e.g., a Wi-Fi connection). The I/O interface 2008 mayprovide an interface for communication with one or more external devices2016, such as an ultrasonic source signal generator, sensors, valves,pumps, motors, or other computers and networks.

Further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects ofthe disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view ofthis description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed asillustrative only and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled inthe art the general manner of carrying out the embodiments. It is to beunderstood that the forms of the embodiments shown and described hereinare to be taken as examples of embodiments. Elements and materials maybe substituted for those illustrated and described herein, parts andprocesses may be reversed or omitted, and certain features of theembodiments may be utilized independently, all as would be apparent toone skilled in the art after having the benefit of this description ofthe embodiments. Changes may be made in the elements described hereinwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments asdescribed in the following claims. Headings used herein are fororganizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit thescope of the description.

It will be appreciated that the processes and methods described hereinare example embodiments of processes and methods that may be employed inaccordance with the techniques described herein. The processes andmethods may be modified to facilitate variations of their implementationand use. The order of the processes and methods and the operationsprovided may be changed, and various elements may be added, reordered,combined, omitted or modified. Portions of the processes and methods maybe implemented in software or hardware, or a combination thereof. Forexample, some or all of the portions of the processes and methods may beimplemented by a computer system.

As used throughout this application, the word “may” is used in apermissive sense (i.e., meaning having the potential to), rather thanthe mandatory sense (i.e., meaning must). The words “include,”“including,” and “includes” mean including, but not limited to. As usedthroughout this application, the singular forms “a”, “an,” and “the”include plural referents unless the content clearly indicates otherwise.Thus, for example, reference to “an element” may include a combinationof two or more elements. As used throughout this application, the term“or” is used in an inclusive sense, unless the content clearly indicatesotherwise. That is, a description of an element including A or B mayrefer to the element including one or both of A and B. As usedthroughout this application, the phrase “based on” does not limit theassociated operation to being solely based on a particular item, unlessthe content clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, processing“based on” data A may include processing based at least in part on dataA and based at least in part on data B. As used throughout thisapplication, the term “from” does not limit the associated operation tobeing directly from, unless the content clearly indicates otherwise.Thus, for example, receiving an item “from” an entity may includereceiving an item directly from the entity or indirectly from the entity(e.g., by way of an intermediary entity). Unless specifically statedotherwise, as apparent from the discussion, it is appreciated thatthroughout this specification discussions utilizing terms such as“processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining” or the likerefer to actions or processes of a specific apparatus, such as a specialpurpose computer or a similar special purpose electronicprocessing/computing device. In the context of this specification, aspecial purpose computer or a similar special purpose electronicprocessing/computing device is capable of manipulating or transformingsignals, typically represented as physical, electronic or magneticquantities within memories, registers, or other information storagedevices, transmission devices, or display devices of the special purposecomputer or similar special purpose electronic processing/computingdevice.

What is claimed is:
 1. An ultrasonic transducer system comprising: ahollow cylindrical ultrasonic transducer housing comprising an interiorsurface defining an interior region; and an ultrasonic transducerassembly configured to be disposed in an interior region of theultrasonic transducer housing, the ultrasonic transducer assemblycomprising: a first ultrasonic transducer head configured to transmit afirst set of ultrasonic signals, the first ultrasonic transducer headcomprising a first transmission surface and being configured to directthe first set of ultrasonic signals through the first transmissionsurface; a second ultrasonic transducer head configured to transmit asecond set of ultrasonic signals, the second ultrasonic transducer headcomprising a second transmission surface and being configured to directthe second set of ultrasonic signals through the second transmissionsurface; and a transducer biasing member disposed between the firstultrasonic transducer head and the second ultrasonic transducer head,the transducer biasing member configured to bias the first ultrasonictransducer and the second ultrasonic transducer in opposite directionsto bias the first transmission surface of the first ultrasonictransducer against a first portion of the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing and to bias the second transmissionsurface of the second ultrasonic transducer against a second portion ofthe interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing that isopposite the first portion of the interior surface of the ultrasonictransducer housing wherein the transducer biasing member comprises aspring.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing comprises a cylindrical shape, wherein thefirst transmission surface of the first ultrasonic transducer comprisesa first curvature that is complementary to a curvature of thecylindrical shape of the interior surface of the ultrasonic transducerhousing, and wherein the second transmission surface of the secondultrasonic transducer comprises a second curvature that is complementaryto the curvature of the cylindrical shape of the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein thespring comprises a coil spring.
 4. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising a plurality of ultrasonic transducer assemblies disposedalong a length of the interior region of the ultrasonic transducerhousing, wherein the ultrasonic transducer assembly is one of theplurality of ultrasonic transducer assemblies.
 5. The system of claim 1,further comprising: a second ultrasonic transducer assembly configuredto be disposed in the interior region of the ultrasonic transducerhousing, the second ultrasonic transducer assembly comprising: a thirdultrasonic transducer head configured to transmit a third set ofultrasonic signals, the third ultrasonic transducer head comprising athird transmission surface and being configured to direct the third setof ultrasonic signals through the third transmission surface; a fourthultrasonic transducer head configured to transmit a fourth set ofultrasonic signals, the fourth ultrasonic transducer head comprising afourth transmission surface and being configured to direct the fourthset of ultrasonic signals through the fourth transmission surface; and asecond transducer biasing member disposed between the third ultrasonictransducer head and the fourth ultrasonic transducer head, the secondtransducer biasing member configured to bias the third ultrasonictransducer and the fourth ultrasonic transducer in opposite directionsto bias the third transmission surface of the third ultrasonictransducer against a third portion of the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing and to bias the fourth transmissionsurface of the fourth ultrasonic transducer against a fourth portion ofthe interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing that isopposite from the third portion of the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein thefirst and second ultrasonic transducers are biased in oppositedirections along a first axis, and the third and fourth ultrasonictransducers are biased in opposite directions along a second axis. 7.The system of claim 6, wherein the first axis is angularly offset fromthe second axis.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first axis isangularly offset from the second axis by an angle of 90 degrees.
 9. Thesystem of claim 6, wherein the first axis is linearly offset from thesecond axis.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the first axis isparallel to the second axis.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein theultrasonic transducer housing comprises: an ultrasonic transducerhousing body; and an ultrasonic transducer housing access panelconfigured to be removably coupled to an end of the ultrasonictransducer housing body to define the interior region of the ultrasonictransducer housing.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the ultrasonictransducer housing body comprises a flange configured to couple to acomplementary flange of a vessel.
 13. The system of claim 12, whereinthe complementary flange of the vessel comprises a manway access hatchflange.
 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the ultrasonic transducerhousing access panel comprises a purge port configured to enable theinjection of substances into the interior region of the ultrasonictransducer housing.
 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the ultrasonictransducer housing access panel comprises an electrical pass throughcomprising a conduit for the passage of an electrical wiring harnessbetween ultrasonic transducer assemblies disposed in the interior regionof the ultrasonic transducer housing and an ultrasonic generator locatedexternal to the ultrasonic transducer housing.
 16. The system of claim1, further comprising: an ultrasonic signal generator power supplyconfigured to supply electrical signals to drive the first ultrasonictransducer to transmit the first set of ultrasonic signals and to drivethe second ultrasonic transducer to transmit the second set ofultrasonic signals.
 17. An ultrasonic transducer system comprising: anultrasonic transducer assembly configured to be disposed in an interiorregion of an ultrasonic transducer housing, the ultrasonic transducerassembly comprising: a first ultrasonic transducer head configured totransmit a first set of ultrasonic signals, the first ultrasonictransducer head comprising a first transmission surface and beingconfigured to direct the first set of ultrasonic signals through thefirst transmission surface; a second ultrasonic transducer headconfigured to transmit a second set of ultrasonic signals, the secondultrasonic transducer head comprising a second transmission surface andbeing configured to direct the second set of ultrasonic signals throughthe second transmission surface; and a transducer biasing memberdisposed between the first ultrasonic transducer head and the secondultrasonic transducer head, the transducer biasing member configured tobias the first ultrasonic transducer and the second ultrasonictransducer in opposite directions to bias the first transmission surfaceof the first ultrasonic transducer against a first portion of aninterior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing and to bias thesecond transmission surface of the second ultrasonic transducer againsta second portion of the interior surface of the ultrasonic transducerhousing that is opposite the first portion of the interior surface ofthe ultrasonic transducer housing, wherein the transducer biasing membercomprises a spring.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the springcomprises a coil spring.
 19. The system of claim 17, further comprisinga second ultrasonic transducer assembly disposed in the interior regionof the ultrasonic transducer housing, the second ultrasonic transducerassembly comprising: a third ultrasonic transducer head configured totransmit a third set of ultrasonic signals, the third ultrasonictransducer head comprising a third transmission surface and beingconfigured to direct the third set of ultrasonic signals through thethird transmission surface; a fourth ultrasonic transducer headconfigured to transmit a fourth set of ultrasonic signals, the fourthultrasonic transducer head comprising a fourth transmission surface andbeing configured to direct the fourth set of ultrasonic signals throughthe fourth transmission surface; and a second transducer biasing memberdisposed between the third ultrasonic transducer head and the fourthultrasonic transducer head, the second transducer biasing memberconfigured to bias the third ultrasonic transducer and the fourthultrasonic transducer in opposite directions to bias the thirdtransmission surface of the third ultrasonic transducer against a thirdportion of the interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing andto bias the fourth transmission surface of the fourth ultrasonictransducer against a fourth portion of the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing that is opposite from the third portion ofthe interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing.
 20. Thesystem of claim 19, wherein the first and second ultrasonic transducersare biased in opposite directions along a first axis, and the third andfourth ultrasonic transducers are biased in opposite directions along asecond axis.
 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the first axis isangularly offset from the second axis.
 22. The system of claim 21,wherein the first axis is angularly offset from the second axis by anangle of 90 degrees.
 23. The system of claim 20, wherein the first axisis linearly offset from the second axis.
 24. The system of claim 23,wherein the first axis is parallel to the second axis.
 25. An ultrasonictransducer system comprising: a hollow cylindrical ultrasonic transducerhousing comprising an interior surface defining an interior region; andan ultrasonic transducer assembly configured to be disposed in aninterior region of the ultrasonic transducer housing, the ultrasonictransducer assembly comprising: a first ultrasonic transducer headconfigured to transmit a first set of ultrasonic signals, the firstultrasonic transducer head comprising a first transmission surface andbeing configured to direct the first set of ultrasonic signals throughthe first transmission surface; a second ultrasonic transducer headconfigured to transmit a second set of ultrasonic signals, the secondultrasonic transducer head comprising a second transmission surface andbeing configured to direct the second set of ultrasonic signals throughthe second transmission surface; and a transducer biasing memberdisposed between the first ultrasonic transducer head and the secondultrasonic transducer head, the transducer biasing member configured tobias the first ultrasonic transducer and the second ultrasonictransducer in opposite directions to bias the first transmission surfaceof the first ultrasonic transducer against a first portion of theinterior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing and to bias thesecond transmission surface of the second ultrasonic transducer againsta second portion of the interior surface of the ultrasonic transducerhousing that is opposite the first portion of the interior surface ofthe ultrasonic transducer housing, a second ultrasonic transducerassembly configured to be disposed in the interior region of theultrasonic transducer housing, the second ultrasonic transducer assemblycomprising: a third ultrasonic transducer head configured to transmit athird set of ultrasonic signals, the third ultrasonic transducer headcomprising a third transmission surface and being configured to directthe third set of ultrasonic signals through the third transmissionsurface; a fourth ultrasonic transducer head configured to transmit afourth set of ultrasonic signals, the fourth ultrasonic transducer headcomprising a fourth transmission surface and being configured to directthe fourth set of ultrasonic signals through the fourth transmissionsurface; and a second transducer biasing member disposed between thethird ultrasonic transducer head and the fourth ultrasonic transducerhead, the second transducer biasing member configured to bias the thirdultrasonic transducer and the fourth ultrasonic transducer in oppositedirections to bias the third transmission surface of the thirdultrasonic transducer against a third portion of the interior surface ofthe ultrasonic transducer housing and to bias the fourth transmissionsurface of the fourth ultrasonic transducer against a fourth portion ofthe interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing that isopposite from the third portion of the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing, wherein the first and second ultrasonictransducers are biased in opposite directions along a first axis, andthe third and fourth ultrasonic transducers are biased in oppositedirections along a second axis, and wherein the first axis is linearlyoffset from the second axis.
 26. The system of claim 25, wherein thefirst transducer biasing member comprises a spring, and wherein thesecond transducer biasing member comprises a spring.
 27. An ultrasonictransducer system comprising: an ultrasonic transducer assemblyconfigured to be disposed in an interior region of an ultrasonictransducer housing, the ultrasonic transducer assembly comprising: afirst ultrasonic transducer head configured to transmit a first set ofultrasonic signals, the first ultrasonic transducer head comprising afirst transmission surface and being configured to direct the first setof ultrasonic signals through the first transmission surface; a secondultrasonic transducer head configured to transmit a second set ofultrasonic signals, the second ultrasonic transducer head comprising asecond transmission surface and being configured to direct the secondset of ultrasonic signals through the second transmission surface; and atransducer biasing member disposed between the first ultrasonictransducer head and the second ultrasonic transducer head, thetransducer biasing member configured to bias the first ultrasonictransducer and the second ultrasonic transducer in opposite directionsto bias the first transmission surface of the first ultrasonictransducer against a first portion of an interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing and to bias the second transmissionsurface of the second ultrasonic transducer against a second portion ofthe interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing that isopposite the first portion of the interior surface of the ultrasonictransducer housing, a second ultrasonic transducer assembly disposed inthe interior region of the ultrasonic transducer housing, the secondultrasonic transducer assembly comprising: a third ultrasonic transducerhead configured to transmit a third set of ultrasonic signals, the thirdultrasonic transducer head comprising a third transmission surface andbeing configured to direct the third set of ultrasonic signals throughthe third transmission surface; a fourth ultrasonic transducer headconfigured to transmit a fourth set of ultrasonic signals, the fourthultrasonic transducer head comprising a fourth transmission surface andbeing configured to direct the fourth set of ultrasonic signals throughthe fourth transmission surface; and a second transducer biasing memberdisposed between the third ultrasonic transducer head and the fourthultrasonic transducer head, the second transducer biasing memberconfigured to bias the third ultrasonic transducer and the fourthultrasonic transducer in opposite directions to bias the thirdtransmission surface of the third ultrasonic transducer against a thirdportion of the interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing andto bias the fourth transmission surface of the fourth ultrasonictransducer against a fourth portion of the interior surface of theultrasonic transducer housing that is opposite from the third portion ofthe interior surface of the ultrasonic transducer housing, wherein thefirst and second ultrasonic transducers are biased in oppositedirections along a first axis, and the third and fourth ultrasonictransducers are biased in opposite directions along a second axis, andwherein the first axis is linearly offset from the second axis.
 28. Thesystem of claim 27, wherein the first transducer biasing membercomprises a spring, and wherein the second transducer biasing membercomprises a spring.